Spain

🌎 Introduction

Traveling through this territory means moving through a geography that changes its face in just a few hours of travel. While the north is defined by its green profiles and the murmur of the Cantabrian Sea, the interior unfolds into silent plateaus that gradually give way to the vibrant light of the Mediterranean and the warm horizons of the south. It is an environment where the seasons visibly set the pace, transforming the landscape from the snow crowning the peaks in winter to the cereal fields and olive groves that dominate the summer.

Beyond its terrain, the country’s identity is perceived in daily life and in the way its inhabitants occupy public space. The murmur of the plazas at dusk, the habit of sharing simple dishes around a table, or the vitality of its popular festivals reflect a character that values closeness and shared time. In every city and town, traces of ancient cultures coexist with a quiet modernity, forming a mosaic of accents, traditions, and flavors that invite leisurely observation.

🛡️ General Safety

Spain is considered one of the safest destinations in the world for travelers. The general safety level is very high, allowing tourists to move with peace of mind through the vast majority of its territory, both day and night. Although, as in any country with a high influx of visitors, it is necessary to observe certain basic precautions, the general atmosphere is one of hospitality and calm.

For the international traveler, the Spanish context is defined by solid social stability and a very present and efficient public safety infrastructure. There are no extraordinary risks, but common sense is the best tool to enjoy the experience without setbacks.

Common Crime and Risks

The most common type of crime affecting tourists is petty theft and small robberies without violence. Violent crimes are extremely rare and do not usually target visitors.

Pickpockets usually operate in crowded areas, taking advantage of travelers’ distraction.
It is advisable to be wary of people who approach with unusual excuses, such as offering flowers, asking for signatures for dubious charitable petitions, or accidental stains on clothing (the “stain trick”).
Street gambling games (such as “thimblerig” or “shell games” with cups and a ball) are scams designed to make tourists lose money; it is recommended to ignore them completely.
Theft from inside rental vehicles can occur if valuables are left in sight in isolated areas or tourist viewpoints.

Safety in Cities and Tourist Areas

Spanish cities offer a safe environment, with very dynamic and busy urban centers. However, precaution should vary depending on the place and time.

In the historic centers and tourist neighborhoods of large cities like Madrid or Barcelona, police surveillance is constant, but the density of people facilitates the work of pickpockets.
Public transport (metro and bus) is very safe, although it is where you should most watch your bag or backpack, especially when entering or leaving the cars.
In beach areas, it is recommended not to leave belongings (phones, wallets) unattended on the sand while swimming.
At night, most cities maintain a safe environment thanks to the local culture of nightlife, although it is always preferable to stay on well-lit and busy streets.

Transport Safety

The transport system in Spain is modern, efficient, and safe. The road network and public services comply with high quality standards.

Public transport (high-speed trains, metro, and intercity buses) has frequent safety measures and surveillance.
Official taxis are completely safe. In large cities, each municipality has a distinctive color (for example, white with a red stripe in Madrid or yellow and black in Barcelona) and they must always have a visible taximeter.
The use of ride-sharing vehicles (VTC) through mobile applications is common and safe.
Regarding driving, in Spain, you drive on the right. Traffic rules are strict, especially concerning alcohol consumption and speed limits. Fines for infractions can be high and are strictly enforced.

Natural and Climatic Risks

Spain does not usually suffer from large-scale natural disasters, but there are seasonal phenomena that travelers should be aware of for their safety and well-being.

Extreme heat is the most relevant climatic risk during the summer months (June to September), especially in the center and south of the peninsula. It is recommended to hydrate constantly and avoid sun exposure during the central hours of the day.
Forest fires are a serious risk in summer due to high temperatures and dryness. It is strictly forbidden to build fires in natural areas.
In autumn (September to November), some areas of the Mediterranean coast may experience torrential rains known as “gota fría” or DANA, which can cause very rapid localized flooding.
Seismic activity is generally low and barely perceptible, representing no habitual threat to the population.

Local Legislation and Norms

It is essential to respect local regulations to avoid penalties that could mar the trip. Laws in Spain apply equally to residents and visitors.

It is mandatory to always carry an official identification document (passport or national ID card). Although it is not common for the police to request it without reason, it is a legal requirement.
The consumption of alcohol on public streets (outside authorized terraces) is prohibited in most cities and can lead to immediate fines.
Laws regarding the consumption and possession of drugs are strict, especially in public spaces.
In some coastal towns, there are ordinances that prohibit walking in swimwear through the city center or outside the beach area.

Safety for Specific Groups

Spain stands out for being an inclusive and progressive country, making it a very welcoming destination for diversity.

Women travelers: Spain is one of the safest countries for women traveling alone. There are no social or dress restrictions, and street harassment is not common, although it is advised to maintain standard safety precautions in sparsely populated areas at night.
LGTBIQ+ travelers: Spain is a world leader in LGTBIQ+ rights and acceptance. Public displays of affection are normal and safe, especially in neighborhoods known for their inclusive atmosphere like Chueca (Madrid) or the Gaixample (Barcelona).
Travel with children and seniors: The country is extremely family-friendly. Infrastructures are adapted, and respect for seniors and children is a deeply rooted cultural value.

Emergencies and Assistance

Spain has a highly professional and coordinated emergency response system.

The universal emergency number is 112, free and available 24 hours a day. Assistance can be requested in several languages, including English.
There are different security forces: the National Police (in urban areas), the Civil Guard (on roads and in rural areas), and, in some regions, regional police. All of them are trustworthy bodies that tourists can turn to without hesitation.
In case of theft or loss of documents, it is necessary to go to a police station to file a report (atestación), which will be essential for procedures with insurance or the consulate.

Tip: Always carry a photocopy or digital photograph of your passport on your mobile phone and leave the original document in the hotel safe to avoid major problems in case of loss or theft.

📝 Entry Requirements

To organize a visit to Spain, it is essential for the traveler to ensure they carry a valid passport with sufficient validity to cover the entire planned stay. This document is the fundamental piece for international identification and must be in good condition. Authorities usually recommend that the document’s validity extend even a few months beyond the planned departure date to avoid administrative inconveniences during transit through borders.

Regarding entry authorization, a large part of international tourists can access the territory for recreational purposes without the need to process a prior visa, provided the stay is short-term. Usually, this maximum period of stay as a tourist is set at ninety days. However, it is advisable to verify the particular situation according to the region of origin, as in certain cases an electronic authorization or a specific permit managed in advance with the corresponding consular representations might be required.

During the entry process at border control points, such as airports or ports, security personnel may request complementary documentation to justify the reason for the trip. Among these documents, it is common to ask for a return ticket or a ticket to a third destination, as well as proof of accommodation, whether it is a hotel reservation or an invitation letter. Likewise, accreditation of sufficient financial means to cover expenses during the stay in the country is usually considered, which can be demonstrated through various financial means.

From a public health perspective, the destination does not usually impose mandatory vaccinations for travelers coming from most regions of the world. However, it is a recommended practice to have travel insurance with broad medical coverage to face any unforeseen event or need for assistance during the journey. It is convenient for the traveler to keep their general vaccination schedule up to date according to standard international recommendations for global tourism and consult official sources before departing.

Finally, customs regulations regulate the entry of products to protect the local economy and security. Personal effects and gifts are usually tax-free as long as they do not exceed certain economic values or reasonable quantities. There are specific restrictions for the transport of medicines, which must be accompanied by their corresponding medical prescription if they are for chronic use, and clear limitations regarding the introduction of products of animal or vegetable origin to prevent biological or health risks in the territory.

Below are relevant aspects regarding the control of belongings and documents at entry:

The passport must be the original document; photocopies are not valid for international border crossings.
It is recommended to have a printed or digital copy of the accommodation reservation to speed up procedures at immigration control.
The transport of currency in cash above a high threshold must be declared to customs authorities upon arrival.
Personal medications should preferably be transported in their original packaging and with the leaflet visible.
The entry of fresh food products is usually restricted, especially if they come from regions outside the immediate geographical environment.
Carry-on and checked luggage are subject to random or systematic security inspections at airports.
Healthcare for non-resident tourists is usually paid, so the insurance policy is the traveler’s primary support.

🏥 Basic Health Considerations

In Spain, you will find a first-class healthcare system, considered one of the best in the world for its infrastructure and the training of its professionals. As a tourist, you can access both the public network of health centers and hospitals and private clinics. If you are visiting, you should know that emergency care is guaranteed for anyone, although if you are not a resident or do not have specific agreements, the costs can be high. In the most touristy areas and large hospital centers, it is common for staff to have knowledge of English, which will greatly facilitate your communication if you do not speak Spanish.

Although it is not a legal requirement that is mandatory for crossing the border in most cases, taking out travel medical insurance is highly recommended. It will give you great peace of mind to know that you have coverage for hospitalization, ambulance transfers, and repatriation in case of an accident or sudden illness. Without insurance, a hospital stay of just a few days could result in a significant expense for your pocket.

Regarding vaccines, there are no mandatory vaccines to enter Spanish territory. You will not have to worry about tropical diseases or unusual biological risks. You only need to have your regular vaccination schedule up to date, the one we all usually follow from a young age. That will be more than enough to move around any corner of the country with total safety.

If you are undergoing a specific treatment, the ideal is to bring the necessary medication for all your travel days with you in its original packaging. It is very important to know that in Spain pharmacies are quite rigorous, and to buy many drugs, such as antibiotics, you will need a valid medical prescription. Carrying a copy of your doctor’s prescription will help if you lose your medicines and need a local doctor to write a new prescription for you.

Regarding risks according to the environment, the most important factor you will encounter is the sun and heat, especially if you travel in summer to central or southern areas. You can enjoy incredible days, but it is fundamental to use sunscreen and drink plenty of water to avoid heatstroke or dehydration. If you plan to go on routes through the countryside or mountains, simply use a good repellent and check your clothes afterward to avoid tick bites, which are common in rural environments in any European country.

You can be very calm about what you drink and eat. Tap water is potable and safe in practically the entire country, although in some coastal areas the taste may be slightly different due to treatment, so many people prefer bottled water just for the taste. Food hygiene standards are very strict in all establishments, so you can try the famous tapas in bars or eat at street stalls with total confidence in the cleanliness and freshness of the products.

If you find yourself in a pinch or need immediate medical assistance, the number you must memorize is 112. It is the free and universal emergency number in Spain. By calling, you can request an ambulance or urgent medical assistance, and they will attend to you quickly. The emergency system works very efficiently and is coordinated to give you an immediate response wherever you are.

As a final tip for your stay, try to always carry a copy of your insurance policy and the assistance contact with you. If you need basic medications like something for a headache or a stomach protector, look for the green cross of pharmacies, where you will find professionals who will advise you very well on products that do not require a prescription. Traveling through Spain is, in general terms, very safe for your health and only requires you to apply common sense.

🚌 Transport Within the Country

Moving around Spain is simple thanks to an infrastructure that efficiently connects different regions. The train is one of the most used means of transport for traveling between cities, offering long and medium-distance journeys that stand out for their comfort and punctuality. On the other hand, the bus is a very widespread alternative that allows reaching almost any town, including those where the railway does not reach. For longer journeys or trips to the archipelagos, domestic flights and the ferry are common options that facilitate mobility throughout the territory.

The use of public transport is intuitive for international visitors. Signage in stations and airports is usually clear, and ticket purchases can be made easily both at windows and automatic machines that have several languages. In large cities, the metro and the urban bus network allow for agile movement, as they have constant frequency and well-located stations near tourist points of interest.

There is a notable difference between mobility in metropolitan areas and rural areas. While the network is dense and complete in cities, schedules can be more limited in rural settings. For this reason, renting a car is presented as a recommended option for those who wish to explore small towns or natural landscapes with greater freedom. Roads are in good condition, and the reliability of the road system facilitates driving throughout the geography.

Taxis and ride-hailing services are widely available, especially at airports, stations, and urban centers. They are a comfortable solution for direct trips and usually operate with regulated rates. Overall, the sense of safety and efficiency in travel allows the traveler to organize their routes with peace of mind, trusting in a transport system that usually complies with the planned schedules.

Tip: It is recommended to check in advance if the final destination has a good public transport connection or if it is preferable to opt for a motorized vehicle for greater autonomy.

🤵 Culture and Etiquette

In Spain, interpersonal treatment is usually close and affectionate, prioritizing open communication. When introducing oneself, it is common to greet with two kisses on the cheeks between women or between men and women, while between men, a firm handshake is most frequent. During conversations, light physical contact and a somewhat smaller personal distance than usual in other places are common, reflecting a socially active culture. In busy public spaces, such as bars or restaurants, the voice volume can be high, as it is considered part of the vitality of the social atmosphere.

Daily schedules present a particular structure that is worth keeping in mind to integrate into the local rhythm. Main meals take place later than in other countries: lunch usually happens between 14:00 and 15:30, while dinner rarely starts before 21:00. In hospitality establishments, tipping is not mandatory nor is a fixed percentage expected, as service is included; however, it is customary to leave a small amount or the spare change as a gesture of courtesy if the service was satisfactory.

Punctuality is a respected value in the professional sphere and for appointments with fixed schedules, such as shows or transport. However, in informal social events, there is an accepted flexibility of a few minutes. When interacting in shops or institutions, the use of basic formulas of courtesy such as “please” and “thank you” is valued, as well as greeting when entering and leaving small establishments. In public spaces, strict respect for waiting turns and orderly queues is expected.

Respect for historical and religious heritage is fundamental for harmonious coexistence. When visiting cathedrals, churches, or places of worship, it is recommended to maintain quiet behavior and dress decorously as a sign of deference to the place and those who use it. Similarly, during traditional festivities or cultural events in public areas, it is important to observe local customs with an attitude of respect, avoiding interference with the development of acts or ceremonies.

“Tip”: Adapting to local mealtimes will allow you to find a greater range of open gastronomic options and enjoy the true social atmosphere of cities and towns.

🍛 Typical Gastronomy

Cuisine in Spain is mainly based on the Mediterranean diet, prioritizing the use of fresh and seasonal products. Virgin olive oil is the common thread of most of its recipes, providing a characteristic flavor along with basic ingredients like garlic, onion, and pepper. The geographical diversity of the territory allows for great regional variety, finding everything from hearty stews and legumes in the interior to fresh fish and seafood in coastal areas. Flavors are usually balanced, seeking to highlight the quality of the raw material without masking it with excessively complex sauces.

One of the most representative customs is the concept of sharing food. It is common to find “raciones” and tapas, small portions that allow you to try different specialties in one sitting. This way of eating encourages socialization, turning the act of eating into a relaxed group event. At the end of the meal, the sobremesa is an essential part of the cultural experience, spending an extended time after coffee chatting leisurely before leaving the establishment.

Regarding schedules, these tend to be later than in other places. Lunch, which is the main meal of the day, is usually served between 14:00 and 15:30, while dinner does not usually start before 21:00. In restaurants, service is usually close and professional. Regarding drinks, wine from various local designations of origin and beer are very common options to accompany dishes, along with mineral water and soft drinks.

Dish	Description	Main Ingredients	Where to try it	Tip
Paella	Dry rice dish cooked in a wide, flat pan.	Rice, saffron, vegetables, and meat or seafood.	Restaurants on the Mediterranean coast, especially in Valencia.	It is recommended to enjoy it at lunchtime and not for dinner.
Tortilla de patatas	Egg-based specialty served in wedges or skewers (pinchos).	Eggs, potatoes, olive oil and, optionally, onion.	Any bar or restaurant throughout the country.	Try it both cold and freshly made to appreciate the nuances of its texture.
Gazpacho	Cold vegetable soup, ideal for the hot months.	Tomato, cucumber, pepper, garlic, olive oil, and vinegar.	Very common in the south, especially in Andalusia.	It is usually served in a glass as a drink or in a bowl with chopped vegetables.
Jamón ibérico	High-quality cured product cut into thin slices.	Iberian pork and salt.	Specialty stores and restaurants across the country.	Always consume at room temperature so that the fat melts on the palate.
Pulpo a la gallega	Traditional boiled octopus dish served on a wooden base.	Octopus, boiled potatoes, paprika, and virgin olive oil.	Typical of fairs and taverns in Galicia.	Accompany with some bread to enjoy the oil and paprika from the dish.

📷 Areas and Places to Visit

Spain is a country of marked contrasts where history, culture, and nature intertwine in every corner. In the center of the peninsula lies Madrid, a vibrant capital that stands out for its great cultural offering. Walking along the Paseo del Arte allows you to visit world-renowned art galleries such as the Prado Museum or the Reina Sofía. Additionally, the city offers open spaces like the Retiro Park and neighborhoods with a lot of character like the Barrio de las Letras or Malasaña, where you can enjoy urban life and traditional markets. Very close to the capital, historic cities like Toledo or Segovia show the heritage of various civilizations through their alcázares, cathedrals, and the imposing Roman aqueduct.

To the northeast, Barcelona presents itself as a benchmark of Modernism. The mark of architect Antoni Gaudí is visible in emblematic monuments like the Sagrada Familia, Park Güell, or Casa Batlló. The Gothic Quarter invites you to get lost in medieval streets, while the maritime facade offers a combination of urban beaches and modern ports. In this same region, the Costa Brava stands out for its landscapes of cliffs and coves with transparent waters that contrast with the medieval villages of the Empordà interior.

The south of the country, in Andalusia, offers an immersion into the Andalusian legacy and Mudejar art. Cities like Granada house architectural treasures like the Alhambra and the Albaicín neighborhood. In Seville, the Giralda and the Real Alcázar are mandatory stops, along with a walk through the Triana neighborhood to learn closely about local culture and its festivals. Córdoba, for its part, marvels visitors with its Mosque-Cathedral and its narrow white streets decorated with flowers, reflecting a millenary tradition.

The northern area of Spain, known as the Cantabrian Coast, offers a radically different landscape, defined by the green of its mountains and the strength of the sea. The Basque Country stands out for the modernity of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao and the elegance of La Concha beach in San Sebastián. In Asturias and Cantabria, the Picos de Europa offer hiking routes between limestone peaks and mountain lakes. Meanwhile, Galicia is the final destination of the oldest cultural route on the continent, the Camino de Santiago, whose goal is the impressive Santiago de Compostela Cathedral in an Obradoiro square always full of life.

The Mediterranean coast, with Valencia at the forefront, combines the innovation of the City of Arts and Sciences with the charm of its old town and the Central Market. In this area, the Albufera wetlands offer a unique natural environment to observe local fauna. The archipelagos are also an essential part of the tourist appeal. The Balearic Islands are famous for their Mediterranean landscapes and quiet coves, while the Canary Islands, of volcanic origin, offer fascinating contrasts between national parks like Teide and beaches with sands of various colors.

The diversity between the rural and the urban is another hallmark of the territory. While large metropolises buzz with exhibitions, theaters, and avant-garde architecture, the villages of inland Spain preserve centuries-old traditions and a popular architecture of stone and wood that seems frozen in time. This variety allows each area to offer a different experience, from the calm of the Pyrenean valleys to the bustle of popular festivals in coastal cities.

“Tip”: You cannot leave without visiting the Alhambra in Granada, the most emblematic place in the country.

✈️ Best Season to Travel

Spain is a destination that can be enjoyed at any time of year thanks to its geographical and climatic diversity. Generally, transitional seasons, such as spring and autumn, are considered the most balanced periods to visit the country, as they offer mild temperatures and natural light very conducive to cultural and nature tourism. During these months, it is possible to explore the main cities and rural environments with pleasant weather that avoids thermal extremes.

The travel experience varies significantly according to the region and the calendar. While summer attracts those looking for sun and maritime activities on the extensive coasts, winter offers a different facet with snowy mountain landscapes and traditional celebrations in urban settings. The choice of season will therefore depend on whether you prefer the lively atmosphere of summer festivals or the tranquility and peace of the cooler months.

Season	Months	Typical Weather	What to Expect	Tourist Influx
Spring	Mar – May	Mild and pleasant temperatures; occasional but moderate rain.	Landscapes in bloom, traditional festivities, and ideal conditions for hiking.	⭐⭐⭐ (Medium)
Summer	Jun – Aug	Dry heat inland and humid on the coast; clear skies and plenty of sun.	Beach tourism, outdoor music festivals, and days with many hours of daylight.	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ (High)
Autumn	Sep – Nov	Progressive drop in temperatures; cool atmosphere and shorter days.	Forest transformation, grape harvest season, and gastronomic fairs.	⭐⭐⭐ (Medium)
Winter	Dec – Feb	Cold inland with possible snowfall; moderate temperatures in coastal areas.	Skiing in mountain areas, Christmas markets, and cultural visits without waiting times.	⭐⭐ (Low)

🗣️ Basic Vocabulary

Knowing some basic expressions in Spanish will help you navigate with greater ease during your stay in Spain. Although in the most touristy areas it is common for hospitality staff to understand other languages, using local words facilitates communication and usually generates a closer treatment in daily situations, such as entering a shop or asking for directions.

It is not necessary to delve into grammar to have a good experience. It is enough to memorize a few courtesy formulas and practical questions that will allow you to solve immediate needs, from greeting correctly to requesting the bill in a restaurant.

Hola: Standard greeting that can be used at any time of day.
Por favor: Fundamental courtesy expression for requesting any service or help.
Gracias: Basic word to show gratitude.
¿Cuánto cuesta?: Necessary question to check the price of products or services.
Perdone: Polite way to get someone’s attention or ask to pass.
La cuenta, por favor: Phrase used to request the bill in bars and restaurants.
¿Dónde está…?: Useful structure for locating streets, monuments, or public transport.
No entiendo: Expression for help when communication becomes complicated.