Oman

🌎 Introduction

In a corner of the Arabian Peninsula, the landscape unfolds with a calm that seems foreign to the frantic pace of the modern world. The scent of frankincense wafting through the souks of Muscat and the pristine white of traditional robes coexist naturally with the deep blue of the sea. It is an environment where hospitality is not a forced courtesy, but a fundamental part of daily life, often manifested in the simple gesture of sharing coffee and dates as evening falls in any market or square.

The country’s geography offers a constant contrast that goes far beyond sandy horizons. While the Al Hajar Mountains offer stone shelters and cooler air at high altitudes, the southern lands are transformed each year with the arrival of the monsoon, a season that dyes the valleys near Salalah green. Between centuries-old fortresses guarding the coast and small oases hidden at the bottom of wadis, there is a balanced identity that has managed to preserve its heritage linked to maritime trade and ancient spice routes without giving up the comforts of the modern era.

🛡️ General Safety

Oman distinguishes itself as one of the safest and most welcoming destinations in the Middle East and the world. Its political and social stability, combined with a deeply hospitable culture, allows travelers to enjoy the country with exceptional peace of mind.

General safety level

The safety level in Oman is very high. The country consistently ranks among the nations with the lowest crime rates globally.
Compared to other international destinations, the risk for tourists is low, comparable to or even lower than that of many European capitals.
The context for the traveler is one of great calm. Omanis are known for their courtesy and respect toward visitors, which creates an atmosphere of trust from arrival at the airport to the most remote areas.

Crime and common risks

Violent crimes are extremely rare in Oman. It is very uncommon for a tourist to be involved in situations of physical danger.
Petty theft or robbery of belongings is unusual, although it is recommended to apply common sense in crowded places, such as the souks (traditional markets) of Muscat or Salalah, simply to avoid accidental losses.
Tourist scams are not a common practice. Prices in souks are usually negotiated (haggling), but this is considered part of the commercial culture and not an attempt at fraud.
An infrequent risk that is worth knowing about is the possibility of cybercrime or minor fraud through unprotected public Wi-Fi networks, something common to any international destination today.

Safety in cities and tourist areas

Urban centers, such as the capital, Muscat, are very safe to walk in even at night. Tourist neighborhoods are well-lit and discreetly patrolled.
There are no forbidden zones or “dangerous neighborhoods” that tourists should avoid for public safety reasons.
Public transport, mainly composed of modern buses, is safe and efficient, with well-marked and air-conditioned stops in major cities.
To move around with peace of mind, it is recommended to always carry a copy of your passport and respect the instructions of the authorities in public places.

Transport safety

Driving: In Oman, you drive on the right. The road network is modern and in excellent condition, especially the highways connecting Muscat with other cities.
Rental vehicles: This is a very popular and safe option. If you plan to visit mountain areas like Jebel Akhdar or venture into the desert (Wahiba Sands), it is essential to rent a 4x4 vehicle and have experience in this type of terrain.
Taxis: They are safe. It is recommended to use official applications (such as Otaxi or Marhaba) to ensure fair rates and trip tracking, or to agree on the price before starting the journey if the taxi does not have a meter.
Road rules: Fines for speeding or running red lights are high. The use of seat belts is mandatory for all occupants.

Natural and climatic risks

Extreme heat: The main climatic risk is intense heat, especially between the months of May and September, where temperatures can exceed 45°C. It is vital to stay hydrated and avoid direct sun exposure during the central hours of the day.
Flash floods: During rainy periods (which can occur in winter), dry riverbeds, known as Wadis, can flood in a matter of minutes. It is extremely dangerous to camp or drive through a Wadi if rain is forecast, even if it is occurring kilometers away.
Sandstorms: These can drastically reduce visibility on desert roads. In case of encountering one, the ideal is to stop the vehicle in a safe place and wait for it to pass.

Local legislation and norms

Oman is a Muslim country with deep-rooted traditions. It is fundamental to dress modestly in public places (shoulders and knees covered), especially when visiting mosques or government buildings.
The consumption of alcohol is restricted to licensed hotels and restaurants. Drinking alcohol in public or being intoxicated in the street is illegal and can lead to serious penalties.
Respect for the figure of the Sultan and the Islamic religion is paramount. Offensive comments on social media or in public about these topics are punishable by law.
The use, possession, or trafficking of drugs carries very severe prison sentences and high fines, with no exceptions for foreigners.

Safety for specific groups

Female travelers: Oman is a very safe destination for women traveling alone. Respect for women is high. It is recommended to dress discreetly to avoid unwanted attention and to follow local norms of decorum.
LGTBIQ+ travelers: Homosexuality is illegal in Oman. Absolute discretion is recommended, and public displays of affection should be avoided, which also applies to heterosexual couples, as public demonstrations of affection are not well-regarded socially.
Travel with children and the elderly: The country is ideal for families. Omanis love children and are usually very helpful. Health infrastructures are modern and of high quality in case assistance is required for the elderly.

Emergencies and assistance

The single emergency number in Oman is 9999. This number centralizes police, ambulance, and fire services.
The police (Royal Oman Police) are efficient, professional, and usually provide help kindly to tourists. Most officers in tourist areas speak English.
In case of an incident, it is recommended to contact your travel insurance and, if necessary, go to the nearest embassy or consulate for administrative assistance.

”> Tip: If you plan to visit a Wadi, always check the local weather forecast and, if you see dark clouds in the mountains, leave the riverbed immediately, as water can come down with great force without warning.”

📝 Entry requirements

To undertake a trip to Oman, the primary document every traveler must have ready is their passport. This document must have an extended minimum validity, generally six months from the date of entry into Omani territory. Additionally, it is recommended that the passport be in perfect physical condition and have enough blank pages for the entry and exit stamps that authorities will apply during the process.

Regarding legal access, most international visitors need to process a tourist visa. This permit can be managed electronically in advance or, in certain cases, obtained directly upon arrival at border control points. The maximum duration of stay allowed for tourist purposes usually varies depending on the type of permit obtained, typically allowing periods ranging from ten days to a full month of stay at the destination.

Upon presenting yourself at immigration controls, whether at airports or land borders, agents may request complementary documentation to authorize entry. It is common to be asked to show an exit ticket from the country confirming that the traveler will not exceed the permitted time. Likewise, it is prudent to have evidence of sufficient funds to cover the stay and a confirmation of an accommodation reservation for the first nights.

Customs regulations in this destination are clear regarding certain personal products. The entry of alcoholic beverages is strictly limited to small quantities for personal use. In the case of medications, it is advised to carry the original medical prescription translated into English, especially if they are drugs containing controlled substances, to avoid inconveniences during luggage inspection. There are also restrictions on audiovisual or printed material that may be considered contrary to local customs.

In the field of health, there is usually no requirement for mandatory vaccines for entry, unless the traveler comes from an area with a risk of transmission of specific diseases. However, it is considered fundamental to have routine vaccines up to date, and it is highly recommended to take out travel insurance that offers broad health coverage, thus guaranteeing a peaceful experience in the face of any medical eventuality that could arise during the trip.

Passport: Necessary validity of at least six months from arrival.
Visa: Necessary procedure for most tourists, either in advance or at the border.
Length of stay: Generally limited to short periods for recreational purposes.
Proof of exit: Need to have a return ticket or one to a third destination.
Solvency: Possible requirement to demonstrate financial means and place of lodging.
Medicines: Obligation to carry a medical prescription for specific treatments.
Health security: Recommendation to have an international medical insurance policy.

🏥 Basic health considerations

On your trip through Oman, you will find a high-quality health system, especially if you move through Muscat or other major cities. As a visitor, you will mainly have access to private healthcare, which has modern facilities and advanced technology. You should keep in mind that medical costs can be quite high, so any consultation or treatment will have a considerable price. A point in your favor is that most medical staff are international and English is the common language of communication in health centers.

Having travel medical insurance is essential when planning your stay. Although it is sometimes requested as a requirement for the visa, the most important thing is the peace of mind it gives you. Your insurance should include broad coverage for hospitalization and, very specifically, medical repatriation. Having this protection will allow you to enjoy the country without worrying about unexpected medical bills that could ruin your budget.

Regarding vaccines, it is common that none are mandatory to enter the territory, unless you are traveling from an area where yellow fever is endemic. The most sensible thing is to verify that your standard vaccination schedule is up to date. General recommendations usually include vaccines against hepatitis A and B or tetanus, but normally you will not need specific preventive treatments if you stick to conventional tourist routes.

You should pay close attention to what you carry in your luggage, as Oman has very strict regulations regarding medications. If you need to take any specific medication, always carry it in its original packaging and make sure to travel with the original medical prescription translated into English. Some drugs that are common in other countries, such as certain potent painkillers or anxiety medications, may be prohibited or highly regulated, so the medical certificate will be your guarantee before customs authorities.

The most relevant health risk you will encounter is extreme heat, which can cause dehydration or heat stroke, especially between the months of May and September. In mountain areas, the climate changes and you could feel the effects of altitude or night cold. Otherwise, it is not a country with serious endemic diseases and the risks from insect bites are low in most of the territory, although it is always a good idea to use repellent in oasis areas or during the night.

Food hygiene in Oman is excellent and you can try the local food in restaurants and stalls with total confidence. As for water, although tap water in big cities is usually drinkable, it has a strong taste due to desalination. For this reason, you will see that most travelers choose to drink bottled water, which is cheap and sold everywhere. In rural or desert areas, exercise extreme caution and always consume water that is properly sealed.

If you face a medical emergency, the phone number you should remember is 9999. This service centralizes emergencies and works efficiently, allowing you to request an ambulance if the situation requires it. In cities, care is very fast, but if you are in desert or mountain areas, assistance may be delayed, so it is always recommended to travel with a guide who knows the area well.

As final tips, I recommend that you drink water constantly even if you don’t feel thirsty and that you avoid intense physical efforts during the central hours of the day. Before leaving, note the location of the main private hospitals in the areas you are going to visit. Carry a small first-aid kit with basics like disinfectant and bandage material, but remember to always check that any medication you include complies with the country’s entry rules.

🚌 Transport within the country

To get around Oman, a rental car is the most common option among travelers, as it allows for total flexibility in accessing various points of natural interest. Currently, the country does not have a train or metro network, so land travel is mainly by road. There are long-distance bus services connecting major cities, as well as domestic flights that quickly link the north with the south of the territory. Additionally, ferries are the necessary means to reach certain coastal areas or islands.

The use of public transport is feasible in urban centers, where signage is usually present in several languages and the process of obtaining tickets is simple for a visitor. However, there is a notable difference between cities and rural areas, where the supply of collective transport is very limited. In these more remote areas, having your own vehicle becomes fundamental to be able to explore the landscape without depending on restricted schedules.

Taxis are a widespread resource in urban areas and offer a comfortable service for short journeys. It is also possible to use mobile applications to manage them, which facilitates communication and navigation during the route. In general terms, the road network stands out for its good condition and for offering a safe and reliable travel experience, allowing transfers to be smooth for international tourists.

“Tip”: It is recommended to check if the planned itinerary includes mountain or desert routes, as in those cases it is usually necessary to have a vehicle with four-wheel drive.

🤵 Culture and Etiquette

Omani society is distinguished by deep hospitality and a deliberate pace in daily interactions. Greetings are usually prolonged and cordial, and it is common to exchange general questions about well-being before entering into any technical or commercial conversation. It is fundamental to use the right hand to greet, eat, or hand over any object, as the left hand is traditionally reserved for other uses. In interpersonal treatment, kindness and courtesy are highly valued, avoiding direct confrontations or body language that could be excessively impetuous.

In public spaces, general behavior tends to be discreet and calm. It is appreciated if visitors maintain a moderate voice volume and avoid effusive displays of affection in public, maintaining a respectful physical distance, especially in interactions between men and women who do not know each other. Regarding punctuality, although formality is expected in the professional sphere, in social contexts time is often perceived more flexibly, always prioritizing the quality of human interaction and dialogue over the urgency of schedules.

The act of sharing is a fundamental pillar of the social fabric in Oman. When visiting a home or being invited to a stay, it is very likely that you will be offered Omani coffee (kahwa) accompanied by dates; accepting this offer is considered a basic gesture of good manners. If you wish to indicate that you do not want more coffee, simply give a small flick of the wrist, shaking the cup slightly from side to side before returning it. Regarding tips, although they are not a strict obligation, they are received as a gesture of gratitude for good service in restaurants and hotels.

Respect for traditions and places of worship is essential to integrate naturally. When visiting mosques open to the public, it is necessary to maintain a silent and solemn behavior, dressing in a way that covers shoulders and knees. Similarly, it is important to show consideration for authority figures and traditional family structures. Maintaining an observant and prudent attitude toward local customs allows the traveler to enjoy a more authentic and smooth experience during their stay.

“Tip”: When offered coffee and dates, always accept them with the right hand and, if you are sitting on the floor, avoid pointing the soles of your feet toward your hosts or other people, as it is considered a disrespectful gesture in the local social environment.

🍛 Typical Gastronomy

The cuisine of Oman is a reflection of its history as a strategic commercial enclave, merging Arabic, Indian, and East African coastal influences. The result is a gastronomy rich in nuances, where aromatic spices play a fundamental role without being excessively spicy. Rice is the basic accompaniment to most meals, generally served on large trays and accompanied by meats such as lamb, chicken, or fresh fish caught along its extensive coasts.

Among the most characteristic flavors of Oman, the use of loomi (dried lemon) stands out, which provides a citric and deep touch to stews, as well as saffron, cardamom, and ginger. Dishes are usually slow-cooked, which allows the ingredients to develop tender textures and integrated flavors. In coastal areas, grilled fish is a common option, while in the interior of the country, more substantial meat recipes predominate.

Omani hospitality is always manifested through food. The most emblematic ritual is the offering of kahwa (Omani coffee with cardamom) accompanied by fresh dates, a welcoming gesture repeated in homes, hotels, and shops. Regarding habits, lunch is the main meal of the day and usually takes place between 1:00 PM and 3:00 PM. In traditional contexts, it is common to sit on the floor and use the right hand to eat, although in city restaurants the use of cutlery is fully widespread.

As for drinks, in addition to coffee and tea with milk and spices, laban, a refreshing drink based on salted yogurt, is very popular. Due to local regulations, alcohol consumption is mainly limited to international hotel restaurants and bars. Etiquette in restaurants is generally informal but respectful, and it is not necessary to follow complex protocols beyond basic rules of courtesy and appropriate dress in public places.

Dish	Description	Main ingredients	Where to try it	Tip
Shuwa	Marinated meat slow-cooked in an underground oven for days.	Lamb or goat, spices, banana leaves.	Traditional restaurants in Muscat and celebrations.	It is the festive dish par excellence; its meat is extremely tender.
Majboos	Local version of spiced rice, very popular throughout the region.	Basmati rice, meat (chicken or lamb), saffron, and loomi.	Any local cuisine restaurant in the country.	Accompany it with fresh salad or a spicy tomato sauce called dakka.
Mashuai	Whole grilled fish on a base of lemon rice.	Kingfish, spices, and rice with nuts.	Coastal cities like Sur or Muscat.	Ideal for those who prefer a lighter, sea-based option.
Harees	A kind of wheat and meat porridge with a creamy texture.	Ground wheat, beef or chicken, and clarified butter.	Traditional food stalls and during the month of Ramadan.	It is a very nutritious and comforting dish with a mild flavor.
Halwa	The most famous sweet in Oman, with a gelatinous and dense consistency.	Cane sugar, saffron, cardamom, rose water, and nuts.	Traditional souks, especially in the Nizwa souk.	Best enjoyed in small portions alongside a bitter coffee.

📷 Zones and places to visit

Muscat, the capital of the country, is usually the first point of contact for travelers and stands out for an architecture that respects tradition, avoiding large skyscrapers. In this city, the Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque stands as a mandatory stop to admire modern Islamic architecture, its extensive hand-woven carpets, and its marble details. The neighborhood of Mutrah offers a more classic experience with its promenade and its traditional Souk, where the scent of frankincense and local craft shops create a characteristic atmosphere. Other points of interest in the city include the Royal Opera House, which symbolizes cultural openness, and the Al Alam Palace, flanked by old Portuguese forts guarding the bay.

Towards the interior, the historic city of Nizwa allows for a deeper dive into the country’s past. A former capital and trade center, it is recognized for its imposing circular Fort and its market, which gains a special vitality during livestock trading mornings. From Nizwa, you can access the Al Hajar mountains, where you will find Jebel Shams, the highest point in the territory, and Jebel Akhdar, famous for its terrace crops and cooler climate. These mountainous areas offer routes to walk between stone villages and ancient irrigation systems, showing an evident contrast with the urban life of the coast.

The desert landscape finds its maximum expression in Wahiba Sands, a vast expanse of longitudinal dunes where you can learn about the environment of Bedouin communities. In contrast to the aridity of the sand, the Wadis or river valleys are one of the most appreciated geographical features. Places like Wadi Bani Khalid or Wadi Shab feature natural turquoise water pools and lush vegetation hidden among arid rock canyons, allowing for excursions that combine hiking with swimming in unique natural settings.

On the eastern coastal area is Sur, a city with a long maritime heritage where you can still visit artisanal shipyards for Dhows, traditional wooden boats. Nearby, the Ras al Jinz reserve is a highly relevant protected area for green turtle nesting. On the other hand, the Musandam peninsula, located at the northern tip and separated from the rest of the country, is known for its geological formations reminiscent of fjords, where the main activity consists of touring its waters by boat to observe marine fauna and small isolated fishing villages.

The Dhofar region, in the far south, offers a different experience thanks to its capital, Salalah. This area is famous for the Frankincense Route, with archaeological sites and museums that narrate the historical importance of this product. During the monsoon season, the landscape is radically transformed, becoming green and misty, a rare phenomenon in the region. Its extensive beaches and the presence of natural parks with seasonal waterfalls complete the diversity of a country that naturally balances its historical heritage with its varied ecosystems.

Tip: You cannot miss visiting the Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque, the most emblematic place in the country.

✈️ Best season to travel

Choosing the right time to visit Oman allows you to fully enjoy its geographical contrasts, ranging from golden deserts to rugged coasts and high-altitude mountain systems. Due to its location on the Arabian Peninsula, the climate is predominantly desert, with temperatures that vary significantly depending on altitude and region. Generally, the months that coincide with winter and early spring offer the most moderate conditions for outdoor activities, exploring historic forts, and visiting traditional markets without the rigor of extreme heat.

During the rest of the year, the country experiences interesting transformations that define the traveler’s experience. While the interior and the capital can reach very high temperatures during the central months of the year, the southern region benefits from unique meteorological phenomena that transform the arid landscape into a green and humid environment. Understanding these seasonal variations is fundamental for organizing an itinerary that fits each person’s preferences, whether seeking the warmth of the desert or the coolness of the Al Hajar mountain peaks.

Season	Months	Typical climate	What to expect	Tourist crowds
Spring	Mar – May	Rising temperatures, clear days, and dry environment.	Rose blooming in Jebel Akhdar, petal harvesting, and mountain hiking trails.	Medium
Summer	Jun – Aug	Intense heat in the north; humidity and light rains (Khareef) in the south.	Green landscapes and waterfalls in Salalah (south), sea turtle watching, and indoor activities.	Low (High in the south)
Autumn	Sep – Nov	Gradual decrease in heat and clear skies with moderate humidity.	Date and pomegranate harvest season, improved conditions for camping in the desert.	Medium ⭐⭐
Winter	Dec – Feb	Mild and pleasant climate; cool nights in the desert and mountains.	Whale and dolphin watching, outdoor cultural festivals, and optimal conditions for urban exploration.	High ⭐⭐⭐

🗣️ Basic vocabulary

Learning some basic words and expressions in Arabic, the official language of Oman, is a simple gesture that greatly facilitates communication and understanding with the local population. Although English is commonly spoken in tourist areas and hotels, using the local language in everyday situations helps create a closer and more respectful atmosphere during the trip.

These phrases will be very useful for getting around in markets, restaurants, or when asking for directions, allowing you to interact more naturally in Omani daily life.

Salam alaykum: Traditional greeting meaning “peace be upon you.”
Wa alaykum as-salam: Response to the previous greeting, meaning “and upon you be peace.”
Shukran: Thank you.
Afwan: You’re welcome or please (as a response to a thank you).
Min fadlak: Please (when requesting something).
Na’am: Yes.
La: No.
Marhaba: Hello or welcome.
Inshallah: God willing (a very frequent expression used when talking about future plans or events).