Comoros

🌎 Introduction

Halfway between the coasts of Mozambique and the island of Madagascar, the Comoros archipelago emerges from the Indian Ocean as a crossroads where time seems to move at a different pace. Historically known for their fragrances, these islands envelop the visitor in an atmosphere marked by the scent of ylang-ylang and vanilla, elements that have defined much of their identity and daily life. Here, volcanic landscapes of dark rock contrast with lush vegetation and calm waters, offering a serene environment that preserves an authentic and slow-paced essence, far from the most traveled routes.

Daily life on the islands is a reflection of a diverse heritage where African, Arabic, and French roots coexist naturally. In local markets and small fishing villages, it is common to be swept away by the colorful traditional attire and the hospitality of a society that deeply values its rituals, such as the Grand Marriage, a fundamental social event that marks the identity of its inhabitants. The gastronomy, rich in products from the land and sea seasoned with local spices, completes the character of a territory that remains faithful to its customs and to the balance with the natural environment that surrounds it.

🛡️ General Safety

The Comoros Islands present themselves as a destination with a moderate safety level for the international traveler. Compared to other destinations in sub-Saharan Africa, the archipelago is usually quieter and less prone to violent crime, although it is not exempt from minor risks and situations that require attention.

The context for the traveler is that of a country with variable political stability and developing infrastructure. Most visits take place without serious incidents, provided that basic rules of prudence are followed and local culture, deeply influenced by Islamic traditions, is respected.

Crime and common risks

Crime in Comoros is not alarming, but it is necessary to be alert to daily situations that can affect tourists.

Petty theft and minor robberies, such as bag snatching or pickpocketing, are the most frequent crimes, especially in crowded markets and isolated beach areas.
Cases of minor scams in currency exchange or when hiring informal tourist services have been reported. It is recommended to always use official services.
Assaults involving violence are extremely rare, but the risk increases if traveling through poorly lit or unfrequented areas at night.
It is advisable to avoid showing valuables, ostentous cameras, or large amounts of cash publicly.

Safety in cities and tourist areas

Safety varies slightly depending on whether you are in an urban center or a rural or coastal area.

In Moroni, the capital, the atmosphere is generally safe during the day. However, in neighborhoods with high population density and less surveillance, you should walk with caution.
Tourist areas and hotels usually have their own security services and are considered safe environments.
Urban public transport (shared taxis) is commonly used, but it is preferable to avoid night trips if you do not know the area well.
It is recommended to avoid demonstrations or concentrations of a political nature that may arise spontaneously, as they can lead to confrontations with security forces.

Safety in transport

Moving around the archipelago requires patience and adaptation to local infrastructure conditions.

In Comoros, people drive on the right, as in most of continental Europe and America.
The condition of the roads is poor in many areas, with deep potholes, a lack of signage, and an absence of night lighting.
The use of taxis is the most recommended option for tourists. It is essential to agree on the price of the journey before starting the trip, as taximeters are not common.
Transport between islands is carried out in small boats or local planes. If opting for the sea route, it is vital to verify that the vessel is not overloaded and that it has life jackets, especially during the rainy season.
Rental vehicles are available, but it is recommended to hire a local driver due to the complexity of the routes and informal traffic rules.

Natural and climatic risks

The archipelago is subject to natural phenomena that the traveler must monitor according to the time of year.

Cyclones and tropical storms: The rainy and cyclone season generally runs from January to April. During these months, heavy rains can cause flooding and road closures.
Volcanic activity: On the island of Grande Comore is mount Karthala, one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Although alert systems are usually in place, it is essential to check the status of the volcano before going on excursions to the summit.
Extreme heat: The climate is tropical and humid. Constant hydration and sun protection are recommended to avoid heat stroke.

Legislation and local norms

Comoros is a predominantly Muslim country with conservative customs that the tourist must know to avoid misunderstandings or legal problems.

Alcohol consumption is restricted. Although allowed in some international hotels and restaurants, consumption in public spaces is prohibited and very poorly regarded.
Clothing should be modest, especially in cities and towns. It is recommended that both men and women cover their shoulders and knees.
It is strictly forbidden to take photographs of government buildings, military installations, airports, or ports. Non-compliance can lead to the confiscation of equipment or arrests.
Proselytizing for any religion other than Islam is illegal and can carry severe penalties.

Safety for specific groups

Female travelers: Physical harassment is not common, but women traveling alone may receive unwanted attention. Dressing respectfully toward the local culture significantly minimizes disturbances. It is recommended to avoid walking alone at night in isolated areas.
LGTBIQ+ travelers: Homosexuality is illegal in Comoros and same-sex sexual acts can be punished with prison sentences and fines. Absolute discretion is recommended, and any public display of affection should be avoided.
Children and the elderly: There are no specific additional risks, beyond the precariousness of medical services. It is recommended to travel with a comprehensive medical insurance policy that includes air evacuation.

Emergencies and assistance

The emergency infrastructure in Comoros is limited and response times can be slow.

Police: The general number is 17.
Gendarmerie: 18.
Medical Emergencies / Ambulances: There is no high-efficiency centralized number; typically, one contacts the El-Maarouf Hospital in Moroni (Tel: +269 773 26 04).
In case of an incident, the first step is to contact local authorities and subsequently inform the nearest consular representation (often located in neighboring countries such as Madagascar or Kenya).
It is recommended to always carry a copy of your passport and visa in a place separate from the original.

Tip: Always inform your accommodation about your excursion plans and intended routes, especially if you are visiting natural areas or hiking on the Karthala volcano.

📝 Entry requirements

To undertake a trip to the Comoros, it is essential to have a passport that is in good condition and whose validity extends, preferably, several months beyond the scheduled departure date. This measure facilitates administrative procedures and helps ensure the traveler has a valid identity document throughout their stay in the archipelago.

Most visitors usually require a tourist visa to enter the territory. This permit is generally managed easily at entry points, such as international airports, allowing a stay that usually covers the common needs of a pleasure or exploration trip. It is frequent for local authorities to allow a stay of up to forty-five days, with the possibility of requesting an extension if the established conditions are met.

Upon arriving at the border control, it is common to be asked to present a return ticket or a ticket for onward travel to another destination, as a guarantee that the visitor plans to leave the country. Likewise, proof may be required that sufficient funds are available to cover the expenses of the trip, as well as confirmation of an accommodation reservation for the first nights of the stay.

Regarding customs regulations, it is recommended to be cautious with the transport of medications, which should be accompanied by their corresponding medical documentation for personal use. There are common restrictions on the entry of plant or animal products to protect the local ecosystem, as well as limitations on the quantity of items that are not strictly for personal use.

Regarding health, it is advisable to inquire about recommended vaccines for traveling to destinations with tropical climates. Although a specific vaccination record is not usually requested for all travelers generically, the yellow fever certificate may be required for those who have recently traveled through areas where the disease is frequent. It is also advisable to follow preventive measures against other conditions transmitted by insects.

Passport: Must be valid and have a reasonable validity margin after the return date.
Entry permit: Visa management usually upon landing in the country for recreational purposes.
Allowed stay: Standard term for tourist activities with the option to request extensions.
Additional documentation: Possible requirement of exit tickets and proof of lodging.
Financial resources: Demonstration of economic means to cover the duration of the trip.
Health: Recommendation to consult vaccination protocols and environmental risk prevention.
Customs: Surveillance over the import of fresh food, drugs, and commercial objects.

🏥 Basic health considerations

When preparing for your trip to Comoros, you will notice that the health system is quite limited compared to international standards. You will find the main medical services in the urban areas of Grande Comore, Anjouan, and Mohéli, but you should know that health centers often lack advanced equipment and basic supplies. Private healthcare is the option you will likely choose if you need care, as it offers a slightly higher quality than the public one, although prices for tourists can be high and immediate upfront payment is usually required. In most cases, you will communicate with healthcare staff in French, which is the standard administrative and medical language.

Taking out travel medical insurance is not a legal requirement to enter the country, but it will be absolutely essential for moving around with peace of mind. It is fundamental that your policy includes very broad coverage for hospitalization and, as a priority, for medical repatriation. In the event of a serious emergency or a complex surgical intervention, you will most likely need to be transferred to hospitals in Reunion, Mauritius, or South Africa, a process that has very high costs if you do not have the backing of good insurance.

Regarding vaccines, none are mandatory for all travelers, unless you come from a country where yellow fever is endemic, in which case they will ask for the official certificate. However, it is most recommended that you have your routine vaccination schedule updated. You should consider, along with a preventive medicine professional, the application of vaccines against hepatitis A and B, typhoid fever, and tetanus. Planning these medical visits a few weeks in advance will allow you to travel with an extra layer of safety.

If you are undergoing medical treatment, it is essential that you carry with you all the personal medication you will need for the entire stay, as local pharmacies may have shortages of certain drugs. We advise you to carry the medications in their original packaging and accompanied by a medical prescription or certificate signed by your doctor, preferably translated into French, to avoid any issues at customs controls. You will find that having your own small first-aid kit with pain relievers, antihistamines, and basic wound care material will get you out of more than one predicament.

The main health risk you will find in the archipelago is malaria, which is present throughout the year. You can significantly reduce the risk if you use potent insect repellents, wear long-sleeved clothing at dusk, and sleep under mosquito nets. The tropical climate also implies a very strong sun and high levels of humidity, so the risk of dehydration or sunburn is real. You will not find high altitudes or freezing climates, but you should be attentive to other insect bites and minor skin infections due to humidity.

Regarding water and food, you must be quite cautious to avoid stomach problems. You will find that tap water is not potable, so you should only consume bottled water and ensure the seal is tightly closed when buying it. Avoid ice cubes in drinks and salads or raw vegetables that you have not washed yourself. As for food, you can safely try local gastronomy if you opt for dishes that are well-cooked and served hot, and if you prefer fruits that you can peel yourself. The level of hygiene in street stalls varies greatly, so we recommend using your common sense before deciding.

In emergency situations, you can try to contact the number 17 for the police or 18 for the fire department and rescue services. You must be aware that the ambulance service is almost non-existent or very slow, so in case of a real emergency, the most effective way is usually to seek private transport or a taxi to reach the nearest hospital or clinic in Moroni or in the capitals of the other islands as soon as possible.

To ensure your experience is well-rounded, we recommend always carrying a bottle of hand sanitizer gel and drinking fluids frequently even if you do not feel thirsty. If you have any wound, no matter how small, clean and disinfect it immediately, as in tropical climates, infections progress very quickly. With these basic precautions, you will see that you can enjoy the wild nature of Comoros with much more confidence.

🚌 Transport within the country

To move between the islands that make up the archipelago, the most commonly used means is the domestic flight, which connects the main airports of Grande Comore, Mohéli, and Anjouan. Although there are also options for sea transport through boats and ferries, flights are usually the preferred alternative for visitors to cover maritime distances more directly, as sea connections depend closely on sea state conditions.

Inside the islands, the shared taxi is the predominant means of transport and functions similarly to a bus service. These vehicles travel along the main roads and pick up passengers along the way until they reach capacity. In cities like Moroni, the supply of these taxis is constant, while in rural areas, services are less frequent and are usually limited to the middle of the day, when there is more movement of the local population.

The ease of use of public transport for a foreign visitor can be reduced due to the absence of clear signage and conventional bus stops. There are no fixed schedules or detailed route maps, so communication with drivers is essential. The use of the French language considerably facilitates these procedures, as it is the most common language for understanding mobility issues and agreeing on destinations.

Regarding comfort and punctuality, transport in the country is characterized by a slow and flexible pace. Vehicles may not be in optimal condition, and the regularity of trips is influenced by the volume of passengers at any given time. For more direct or private journeys, taxis can be hired for exclusive use, allowing for greater comfort and autonomy, although this always requires direct management with the driver before starting the trip.

“Tip”: It is advisable to plan transfers well in advance and avoid traveling by road during the night, as lighting on interurban roads is practically non-existent.

🤵 Culture and etiquette

Comorian society is characterized by deep hospitality and a strong sense of community, where local traditions and values linked to Islamic culture set the daily pace. In interpersonal dealings, courtesy is fundamental, and a slow and kind approach to conversations is positively valued. When moving through public spaces, it is recommended to dress discreetly and modestly, keeping shoulders and knees covered, as a sign of consideration for local customs and the sensitivity of the population.

The greeting is a social ritual of great importance and is usually leisurely. Between people of the same sex, a handshake is standard, while in interactions between men and women, it is most appropriate to wait for the other person to take the initiative or make a gesture of respect with a slight nod of the head. Social hierarchy and respect for elders are basic pillars; therefore, addressing them with special deference greatly facilitates integration and mutual understanding in any context.

Regarding punctuality, a more flexible concept of time prevails in the archipelago than in other international contexts. Appointments and meetings may be delayed without this being considered a lack of interest, so it is suggested to maintain a patient and adaptable attitude. Regarding public behavior, the use of a moderate voice volume is appreciated, and it is considered appropriate to avoid effusive displays of affection, always maintaining a sense of decorum that is respectful to residents.

In the realm of meals and domestic visits, it is common for the traveler to be invited to share food. In these cases, it is important to remember that the right hand should preferably be used for eating or for giving and receiving objects. If visiting a private home or entering the vicinity of a mosque, it is customary and necessary to remove your shoes before entering. Although tipping is not a strictly established obligation, it is received with gratitude as a recognition of good service provided in hotels or restaurants.

Respect for religious spaces and traditional ceremonies is essential for harmonious coexistence. Before taking photographs of people, homes, or local events, permission should always be requested beforehand, as privacy is a highly protected value. During religious festivities or periods of fasting, maintaining an observant and discreet attitude regarding the consumption of food or drink in public spaces allows one to enjoy the cultural richness of the country in a balanced and enriching way.

Tip: Before starting any transaction or making an inquiry to a stranger, it is essential to dedicate a moment to a formal and slow greeting, as addressing a matter directly without these preliminary courtesies may be perceived as a rushed or inconsiderate attitude.

🍛 Typical gastronomy

The cuisine of Comoros is a faithful reflection of its history as a meeting point between African, Arab, Indian, and French cultures. Popularly known as the Perfume Islands, its culinary identity is defined by the aromatic and balanced use of ingredients such as vanilla, cloves, cinnamon, and pepper, which grow naturally in its fertile volcanic soil. Coconut is, without a doubt, the star element of its pantry; it is used in almost all its forms, especially coconut milk, which adds a creamy texture and a characteristic flavor to most traditional stews.

The daily diet of the inhabitants is based on fresh local products. Rice acts as the main accompaniment, along with a wide variety of tubers such as cassava, taro, and plantain. Being an archipelago, freshly caught fish and seafood are fundamental to the diet, usually prepared on the grill or slow-cooked in rich, spiced sauces. Meat, mainly beef, goat, or chicken, is usually reserved for special occasions or family celebrations, where it is served in dishes with Eastern influence.

In cultural terms, meals are usually a social and slow act. In more traditional areas, it is common to share large platters of food, although in restaurants in urban centers, service follows international standards. Due to the influence of local culture, alcohol consumption is very restricted and is not usually offered in standard establishments. Instead, it is common to accompany dishes with freshly squeezed tropical fruit juices or hot spice infusions. Restaurant hours are usually concentrated around lunch and dinner, and it is advisable to adapt to local rhythms to enjoy the freshest products of the day.

Dish	Description	Main ingredients	Where to try it	Tip
Langouste à la vanille	Lobster prepared in a creamy sauce that combines the flavor of the sea with the softness of local vanilla.	Lobster, Comorian vanilla, coconut milk, and shallots.	Coastal restaurants in Grande Comore and Mohéli.	It is the national dish; ask for it to be prepared with natural island vanilla.
M’tsolola	A traditional and comforting stew that mixes fresh fish with fruits and tubers.	Fish, green plantain, cassava, and coconut milk.	Small local stalls and traditional eating houses.	Ideal for an energetic lunch before an excursion.
Pilao	A very aromatic rice dish with Indian influences, usually served at celebrations.	Rice, meat (usually beef), cloves, cardamom, and cinnamon.	Restaurants in Moroni and urban areas of Anjouan.	Try it accompanied by a local chili sauce if you like spicy food.
Ambrevades au curry	A legume pottage with a creamy and spiced touch, very common in everyday life.	Pigeon peas, curry, and coconut milk.	Local markets and family establishments.	It is an excellent option for those looking for plant-based dishes.
Ladu	Traditional sweet in the form of small balls, with a grainy texture and spiced flavor.	Rice flour, sugar, clarified butter, and cardamom.	Sweet stalls in markets and cafes.	Perfect to enjoy alongside a spice coffee or tea in the mid-afternoon.

📷 Areas and places to visit

The Comoros archipelago, situated in the waters of the Indian Ocean, offers a unique combination of Arab heritage, African influences, and a natural environment marked by its volcanic origin. The main island, Grande Comore or Ngazidja, houses the capital, Moroni, where the traveler can immerse themselves in an atmosphere that seems frozen in time. Strolling through the narrow streets of its old Medina allows one to observe traditional stone and carved wood architecture, leading to the emblematic Friday Mosque, a visual and spiritual landmark located facing the sea. Daily bustle is concentrated in the Volovolo market, a space where local spices, fabrics, and fresh products are traded, offering an authentic glimpse into local life without artifice.

On the same island, the imposing presence of Mount Karthala, one of the largest active volcanoes in the world, stands out. Its ascent is one of the best-known hiking routes, passing through dense tropical forests to reach a crater that transforms the landscape into a lunar environment. In the northern part of the island, rock formations and local legends intertwine in places like the Trou du Prophète, a quiet bay of crystal-clear waters that, according to oral tradition, served as a refuge in ancient times. The contrasts between the black volcanic rock and the intense blue of the sea define much of the coastline in this region.

The island of Mohéli, also known as Mwali, represents the most pristine and natural side of the country. It is a destination focused on conservation, where the Mohéli Marine Park plays a fundamental role. In this area, it is common to observe marine fauna in its purest state, including green turtles that come to spawn on beaches like those of Itsamia. The pace of life in Mohéli is slow, oriented toward respect for the cycles of nature and the sighting of species such as humpback whales at certain times of the year. Its paths cross plantations of ylang-ylang and vanilla, whose aroma permeates the air of the rural areas.

For its part, the island of Anjouan or Nzwani is distinguished by its rugged terrain and hills covered in vegetation. Its historical capital, Mutsamudu, preserves an 18th-century citadel that dominates the port and offers panoramic views over the city’s rooftops. The urban layout of its historic center is a labyrinth of alleys where Swahili influence is very evident. Anjouan is famous for its waterfalls, such as Dziancoundre, and for being the center of perfume essence production, which has earned it the nickname of the island of aromas.

The cultural offering is complemented by small local museums and craft centers where wood carving of doors is practiced, a tradition highly valued in the region. Activities usually revolve around the sea, with excursions in traditional boats and the exploration of coral reefs surrounding the islands. The contrast between the port activity of the cities and the serenity of the fishing villages allows one to understand the duality of a country that maintains its historical roots while discreetly opening up to the international visitor. Each area of the archipelago provides a different nuance, from geological grandeur to the richness of its marine and forest biodiversity.

Tip: You cannot miss visiting Mount Karthala, the most emblematic place in the country.

✈️ Best time to travel

The Comoros archipelago enjoys a maritime tropical climate characterized by two distinct seasons that set the pace for tourist activities. Generally, the most favorable time to visit the islands coincides with the dry season, which extends from May to October. During these months, temperatures are milder and humidity drops considerably, facilitating the exploration of volcanic landscapes and natural areas without the complications that heavy rains can bring.

This seasonal choice allows for a more balanced travel experience, where the weather favors both marine life observation and hiking up Mount Karthala. However, the archipelago maintains a constant greenness throughout the year, offering lush landscapes even in the transition months. The final choice will depend on whether the visitor prioritizes atmospheric stability or prefers to experience the wetter and warmer side of the tropical environment.

Season	Months	Typical climate	What to expect	Tourist inflow
Spring	Mar – May	Transition from rain to dry weather; warm temperatures.	Very green landscapes after the rains and blooming of local species like ylang-ylang.	Medium ⭐⭐
Summer	Jun – Aug	Dry and cool season; constant winds and lower humidity.	Ideal season for humpback whale watching and hiking routes.	High ⭐⭐⭐
Autumn	Sep – Nov	Dry climate at the start, with a gradual increase in humidity in November.	Excellent conditions for diving and sighting sea turtles on the beaches.	Medium ⭐⭐
Winter	Dec – Feb	Humid and hot season; frequent rains and possibility of storms.	Purely tropical atmosphere, ideal for experiencing local culture peacefully and with fewer crowds.	Low ⭐

🗣️ Basic vocabulary

Learning some basic expressions in Shikomori, the local language of Comoros, facilitates communication and mutual understanding during the trip. Although French is an official language and is used in administrative fields, the inhabitants of the islands appreciate it when visitors make an effort to greet or show courtesy in their daily language.

Having this small repertoire of words is very useful for managing common situations, such as making purchases in local markets, using public transport, or simply establishing a friendlier initial contact with the people you meet during your stay.

Jeje: Hello or how are you?
Ndjema: Fine (used as a response to the greeting).
Marahaba: Thank you.
Lade: Goodbye.
Ewa: Yes.
Aha: No.
Tafadhali: Please.
Nge dzipvi?: How much does it cost?